NATA 2020 Physics Syllabus (Updated)
NATA 2020 Physics Syllabus
(Updated)
Topic-1
Electric charges and Fields
Electric Charge.
The physical properties of matter which allows it to
experience a special kind of force when kept
under the influence of the electromagnetic field is
called Electric Charge.
Formula: Q = I.t
• Q is the electric charge
• I is the electric current
• t is the time.
Columb’s Law
The magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction
or repulsion between Two point charges is
directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes
of charges and inversely proportional to
the square of the distance between them.
The Coulomb’s Law is given by the expression:
Fe = kq1q2/r2
Electric field
Electric field is defined as the electric force per unit
charge. The direction of the field is taken to
be the direction of the force it would exert on a positive
test charge. The electric field is radially
outward from a positive charge and radially in toward a
negative point charge.
𝐸 = 𝒇⁄𝒒
Topic-2
Electric potential
Electric potential
Electric potential of a point in an electric field is the
amount of work done in bringing a unit charge
(without acceleration) from infinity to that point.
Electric potential (v) = k 𝑸/𝒓
Capacitance
Electric potential 'V' is directly proportional to
charge ’Q' means
when Q will increase the
electric potential of the capacitor also increases. So, because they both are proportional to each other the
ratio of Q and V is a constant:
C= 𝑄 (𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒)
𝑉 (𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙)
Topic-3
Current Electricity
Current Electricity
An electric charge will experience a force if an electric
field is applied. If it is free to move, it will
thus move contributing to a current. In nature, free
charged particles do exist like in upper strata
of atmosphere called the ionosphere
Ohm’s Law:
V α R
V = RI
Topic-4
Magnetic Effects of Current
The term "magnetic effects of current " means
that " a current flowing in a wire produces
a magnetic field round it ". the magnetic effect of
current was discovered by Oersted found that
a wire carrying a current was able to deflect a magnetic
needle.
Magnetic field due to current carrying
conductor
When an electric current through a metallic conductor
produces a magnetic field around it. In order to find the direction of the
field produced let us repeat the activity in the following way –
Topic - 5
Moving Charges and magnetism
Moving Charges and magnetism
A charged particle moving without acceleration produces
an electric as well as a magnetic field.
It produces an electric field because it's a charge
particle. But when it is at rest, it doesn't produce
a magnetic field. All of a sudden when it starts moving,
it starts producing a magnetic field. Why?
What happens to it when it starts moving? What makes it
produce a magnetic field when it starts
moving?
Lorentz Force
𝐹 = 𝑞[𝐸(𝑟) + 𝑉 × 𝐵 (𝑟)] = 𝐹𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐+𝐹𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐
Topic - 6
Magnetism and Matter
Magnetism and Matter
Magnetism is a phenomenon by the virtue of which there
develops an attracting or repulsive
force between two magnetic objects.
Cause of Magnetism
• Motion of electrons in an
orbit within the nucleus.
• Spin of electrons around its
axis.
In modern physics, matter is defined as a substance which
is made of various types of particles
of various size and matter each. In simple language,
substance which has mass and occupies
space is known as Matter.
For Example: Hematite (main ore of iron), oxides such as nickel
oxide.
Three different states of matter:
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Topic - 7
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction
The discovery and understanding of electromagnetic
induction are based on a long series of
experiments carried out by Faraday and Henry
Faraday’s Law of Induction
That a voltage is induced in a circuit whenever relative
motion exists between a conductor and
a magnetic field and that the magnitude of this voltage is
proportional to the rate of change of
the flux”.
Ꜫ = −𝜷. 𝒍. 𝝊 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
If the conductor does not move at right angles (90°) to
the magnetic field then the angle θ° will
be added to the above expression giving a reduced output
as the angle increases:
Ꜫ = −𝜷. 𝒍. 𝝊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Topic - 8
Alternating Current
Alternating Current
Either as a voltage switching polarity or as a current
switching direction back and forth, this
“kind” of electricity is known as Alternating Current
(AC).
Whereas the familiar battery symbol is used as a generic symbol for
any DC voltage source, the
circle with the wavy line inside is the generic symbol for any AC
voltage source.
One might wonder why anyone would bother with such a thing as AC. It
is true that in some
cases AC holds no practical advantage over DC.
Topic - 9
Ray optics and optical instruments
Ray optics and optical instruments
(I) Ray
of Light A
straight line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of
light.
(ii) Luminous
Objects The
objects which emits its own light, are called luminous objects, e.g., sun,
other stars, an oil lamp etc.
(iii) Non-Luminous Objects The objects which do not emit its own light but become
visible due
to the reflection of light falling on them, are called
non-luminous objects, e.g., moon, table, chair.
trees etc.
Optical Instruments
Power of a concave lens (P)
P = (100/x) diopter, here ‘x’ is the distance of far
point of the defective eye, in ‘cm’.
Magnifying power or magnification of a simple
microscope
M = 1+ (D/f), here ‘D’ is the distance of distinct
vision and ‘f’ is the focal length.
Magnifying power or magnification of a compound
microscope: -
M = L/f0[1+(D/fe)] where f0 is the focal length of
object, fe is the focal lengthy of
eyepiece
and L is the length of microscope tube.
Magnifying power or magnification of astronomical
telescope (Normal Adjustment)
M = f0/fe
Magnifying power or magnification of astronomical telescope (When the final image is formed at the
distance of distinct vision)
M = (f0/fe) [(fe+D)/D]
Magnifying power or magnification of Galileo’s telescope:
-
M = F/f
Topic - 10
Wave optics
Wave Optics
Wave Optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference,
diffraction, polarization, and
other phenomena for which the ray approximation of
geometric optics is not valid. This usage
tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in
optical communication, which is studied
in the sub-branch of coherence theory
Maxwell Electromagnetic Theory
According to Maxwell, light is not a mechanical wave. It
is an electromagnetic
wave which is transverse in nature which travels with a finite
speed given by;
C = 𝟏
√𝝁𝟎𝜺𝟎 = 3 x 108 m/s
Topic - 11
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
We will study the dual nature of matter which will be
explained by Wave-particle duality
postulates. According to this postulate, all particles
exhibit both wave properties and particle properties.
Electron emission
We know that metals have free electrons (negatively
charged particles) that are responsible for their conductivity. However, the
free electrons cannot normally escape out of the metal
surface. If an electron attempts to come out of the metal,
the metal surface acquires a positive charge and pulls the electron back to the
metal One electron volt is the energy gained by an electron when it has been
accelerated by a
potential difference of 1 volt, so that 1 eV = 1.602 ×10
–19 J.
Particle nature of light: the photon
Photoelectric effect thus gave evidence to the strange
fact that light in interaction with matter
behaved as if it was made of quanta or packets of energy,
each of energy h ν.
Each photon has energy E (=hν) and momentum p (= h ν/c),
and speed c, the speed of light.
Topic - 12
Atoms
An atom is the smallest particle into which an element can
be divided without losing its chemical
identity. Atoms consist of a heavy central nucleus
surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged
particles called electrons. The nucleus contains positive
particles (protons) and electrically
neutral particles (neutrons). The number of protons is
called the atomic number.
If an atom or molecule becomes electrically charged by
gaining or losing one or more electrons,
it becomes an ion. If the atom gains electrons, it has a
negative charge. If it loses electrons, it has a positive charge.
Topic - 13
Nuclei
Nuclei is the plural of nucleus which is a group of
protons and neutrons at the middle of every atom. Nuclear physics investigates
things like the makeup of a Nucleus, the forces that interact within the
nucleus and what makes up not only the nucleus but also what makes up those
particles
Nuclei are bound together by the residual strong force
(nuclear force). The residual strong force is
a minor residuum of the strong interaction which binds quarks together to form
protons and neutrons.
Topic - 14
Semiconductor Electronics
A semiconductor device is an electronic component that
relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (primarily
silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors)
for its function. Semiconductor devices have replaced vacuum tubes in most
applications. They use electrical conduction in the solid state rather than the
gaseous state or thermionic emission in a vacuum.
Doping a semiconductor with a small proportion of an
atomic impurity, such
as phosphorus or boron, greatly increases the number of
free electrons or holes within the
semiconductor. When a doped semiconductor contains excess
holes, it is called a p-type
Topic - 15
Materials
Materials themselves include ceramics, polymers,
composites, bio-materials, and
electronic materials. A career in materials physics would
involve synthesizing the different
physical sciences: chemistry, continuum physics, and
condensed matter physics.
Topic - 16
Devices and Simple circuits
Feedback amplifier and transistor oscillator
In an amplifier, we have seen that a sinusoidal input is
given which appears as an amplified
signal in the output. This means that an external input is
necessary to sustain ac signal in the
output for an amplifier. In an oscillator, we get ac
output without any external input signal. In
other words, the output in an oscillator is self-sustained
𝝂 =𝟏
𝟐𝝅√𝑳𝑪
Integrated circuits
The concept of fabricating an entire circuit (consisting
of many passive components like R and C and active devices like diode and
transistor) on a small single block (or chip) of a semiconductor has
revolutionized the electronics technology. Such a circuit is known as
Integrated Circuit (IC).
NATA Drawing Question 2020
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